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The country’s electricity demand in 2013 was 897 terawatt-hours (TWh)4 , up from 376 TWh in 2000, having risen over this period at an average annual rate of 6.9%.Electricity now constitutes some 15% of final energy consumption, an increase of around four percentage points since 2000. As with all other demand sectors, further rapid growth is to be expected: around one-sixth of the world’s population in India consumes about one-twentieth of global power output.
In India the unbalanced consumption and demand equation clearly reflect the shortages in supply. The demand for the primary sources of energy like oil, natural gas and electricity outstrips the production capacities in the nation. India lags behind China in its overall energy production, as China is among the top 5 energy producers in the world.
Energy efficiency policies in India are growing in scope and importance, contributing to the mitigation of the prospects of energy consumption growth. In industry, the Perform, Achieve and Trade (PAT) scheme covers large industrial energy consumers, while the Indian government has put in place a set of measures to raise awareness and provide financial support to improve energy efficiency in small and medium enterprises.
In transport, India introduced its first fuel-economy standard in 2014 and standards for heavy-duty vehicles are expected to be introduced in 2016. In buildings, India has introduced a voluntary energy code for commercial buildings, while more and more minimum energy performance.
As a result of this combination of growing attention to energy efficiency and the rapidly expanding demand for energy, annual investment in energy efficiency rises rapidly. As matter of fact India plans to invest £1.42bln in biogas projects in 2016/2017. The country has already provided a variety of government-sourced biogas production schemes. These schemes focus on small scales, and provide energy to rural areas, where energy connections are missing. Biogas allows people from villages and small town to produce their own energy by using the fermentation of organic matter. These local schemes have so far provided gas and electricity to villages all across the country, and now these are common goods that are used by communities.
National Biogas and Manure Management Programme caters to setting up “family-type” biogas plants to satisfy the needs of rural and semi-urban communities The Biogas Power General Programme aims to install plants with a capacity of 3KW to 250KW and part of the funding will be used for the Waste to Energy Programme which aims to build large plants that can recover energy from urban, industrial and agricultural waste.
India has also invested a lot in solar power energy. Today’s proven technologies have a potential of producing 0.25 kWh per m2. As of 2016, the solar capacity installed was of 8.1 GW, and it is supposed to reach 21 GW through pipeline developments. One issue with solar energy is that it requires a vast amount of hectares, and this has caused conflict in rural areas with subsistence farming that rely on the land to live.
Image credits: https://www.wired.com/2015/11/climate-change-in-india/
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