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India has some 290 gigawatts5 (GW) of power generation capacity, of which coal (60%) makes up by far the largest share, followed by hydropower (15%) and natural gas (8%). The mix has become gradually more diverse: since 2000, almost 40% of the change in installed capacity was non-coal. This is reflected also in the figures for generation, which show how renewables are playing an increasingly important role.

In India the unbalanced consumption and demand equation clearly reflect the shortages in supply. The demand for the primary sources of energy like oil, natural gas and electricity outstrips the production capacities in the nation. India lags behind China in its overall energy production, as China is among the top 5 energy producers in the world.

India ranks third in oil consumption with 195.5 million tons in 2015 after USA and China. During the calender year 2015, India imported 195.1 million tons crude oil and 23.3 million tons refined petroleum products and exported 55 million tons refined petroleum products. India has built surplus world class refining capacity using imported crude oil for exporting refined petroleum products. The net imports of crude oil is lesser by one fourth after accounting exports and imports of refined petroleum products.

The state-owned Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) acquired shares in oil fields in countries like Sudan, Syria, Iran, and Nigeria – investments that have led to diplomatic tensions with the United States.[38] Because of political instability in the Middle East and increasing domestic demand for energy, India is keen on decreasing its dependency on OPEC to meet its oil demand, and increasing its energy security.

India has the world's 4th largest coal reserves. In India, coal is the bulk of primary energy contributor with 54.5% share out of the total 595 Mtoe in the year 2013.[5] India is the third top coal producer in 2013 with 7.6% production share of coal (including lignite) in the world.

India boasts a quickly advancing and active nuclear power programme. It is expected to have 20 GW of nuclear capacity by 2020, though they currently stand as the 9th in the world in terms of nuclear capacity.

India’s energy sector has grown tremendously in recent years. Further economic and population growth, allied to structural trends such as urbanisation and the nature of the envisioned industrialisation, point unmistakeably to a trend of continued rapid expansion in demand for energy.

Energy demand has almost doubled since 2000, but this is slower than the rate of economic growth over the same period. This is due in part to the shift away from bioenergy consumption in the residential sector, the rising importance of the services sector in the Indian economy and increased policy efforts directed at energy efficiency.

Oil consumption in 2014 stood at 3.8 million barrels per day (mb/d), 40% of which is used in the transportation sector. Demand for diesel has been particularly strong, now accounting for some 70% of road transport fuel use. This is due to the high share of road freight traffic, which tends to be diesel-powered, in the total transport use and also to government subsidies that kept the price of diesel relatively low.

Industrial energy demand has almost doubled over the 2000-2013 period, with strong growth from coal and electricity. Large expansion in the energy-intensive sectors, including a tripling in steel production, is one component.

Image credits: http://energyfuse.org/india-nudges-china-aside-as-most-important-country-for-energy-markets/

http://www.moef.nic.in/divisions/ic/wssd/doc1/chap7/da_page_7_2.htm